CULTURE: LITERATURE
According to 3rjewelry, Kazakhstan is a country in Asia. The most ancient documents of Kazakh literature are the epics transmitted orally starting from the century. XVI. A real artistic flowering took place in the century. XIX, with poets such as Dolat (1802-1874), Čortanbay (1818-1881), Süyümbay (1827-1895), Marabay (1841-1898), Murad Aqïn (1843-1906), who sing the traditional life of the people, the his legends, his free life in the steppe. But a place of absolute importance in the Kazakh literature of the century. XIX is occupied by Altïnsarïn (1841-1889) and Abay (1845-1904). The former was a staunch supporter of a renewal of cultural and literary life within the wider community of Muslim Turks. Abay, trained in the Russian school, was able to transform that of his people into a modern and national literature. While inspired by the great Kazakh poets of the past (Saʽdi, Fuzuli, Nava’i), he knew how to give a new meaning to their spiritual heritage, in the light of the climate of a century of great transformations. For his universality and his genius, Abay was called the “Goethe of the steppes”. At the turn of the century XIX and XX are writers such as Köpeyogli (1857-1931) and Ahmed Baytursun (1873-1937). Of some importance, but in the service of the Soviet cause, were Ǧambul Ǧambayogli (1846-1950) and, to a lesser extent, Ali Ormanov (1907-1983) and Abdullah Tagibaev (1909-1978). Important authors of the contemporary literary scene are the writer Rollan Seisenbayev and the poet Olzhas Sulejmenov, active above all on fronts of social relevance, and Sergey Lukyanenko (b. 1968), author of science fiction. in the light of the climate of a century of great transformations. For his universality and his genius, Abay was called the “Goethe of the steppes”. At the turn of the century XIX and XX are writers such as Köpeyogli (1857-1931) and Ahmed Baytursun (1873-1937). Of some importance, but in the service of the Soviet cause, were Ǧambul Ǧambayogli (1846-1950) and, to a lesser extent, Ali Ormanov (1907-1983) and Abdullah Tagibaev (1909-1978). Important authors of the contemporary literary scene are the writer Rollan Seisenbayev and the poet Olzhas Sulejmenov, active above all on fronts of social relevance, and Sergey Lukyanenko (b. 1968), author of science fiction. in the light of the climate of a century of great transformations. For his universality and his genius, Abay was called the “Goethe of the steppes”. At the turn of the century XIX and XX are writers such as Köpeyogli (1857-1931) and Ahmed Baytursun (1873-1937). Of some importance, but in the service of the Soviet cause, were Ǧambul Ǧambayogli (1846-1950) and, to a lesser extent, Ali Ormanov (1907-1983) and Abdullah Tagibaev (1909-1978). Important authors of the contemporary literary scene are the writer Rollan Seisenbayev and the poet Olzhas Sulejmenov, active above all on fronts of social relevance, and Sergey Lukyanenko (b. 1968), author of science fiction. XIX and XX are writers such as Köpeyogli (1857-1931) and Ahmed Baytursun (1873-1937). Of some importance, but in the service of the Soviet cause, were Ǧambul Ǧambayogli (1846-1950) and, to a lesser extent, Ali Ormanov (1907-1983) and Abdullah Tagibaev (1909-1978). Important authors of the contemporary literary scene are the writer Rollan Seisenbayev and the poet Olzhas Sulejmenov, active above all on fronts of social relevance, and Sergey Lukyanenko (b. 1968), author of science fiction. XIX and XX are writers such as Köpeyogli (1857-1931) and Ahmed Baytursun (1873-1937). Of some importance, but in the service of the Soviet cause, were Ǧambul Ǧambayogli (1846-1950) and, to a lesser extent, Ali Ormanov (1907-1983) and Abdullah Tagibaev (1909-1978). Important authors of the contemporary literary scene are the writer Rollan Seisenbayev and the poet Olzhas Sulejmenov, active above all on fronts of social relevance, and Sergey Lukyanenko (b. 1968), author of science fiction.
CULTURE: ART
On these territories and in general on all those of the steppes of western Siberia they acted from the second millennium BC. C. first the culture of Andronovo, then that of Karasuk. Through the Karasuk culture (1200-700 BC) the great encounter between Scythian and Siberian art took place, centered above all on the theme of animalistic representation, according to the different aesthetic conventions of the two civilizations. Among the superb interpretations of this art in Kazakhstan that of the Saci nomads flourished (mid-1st millennium BC), of which significant documentation is provided by the realistic and fantastic images of different animals that make up the golden diadem of the Treasury of Karagalink (1st century BC). Numerous prehistoric wall paintings have also been discovered in the Karatu Mountains. Datable between the century. I a. C. and the V d. C., these paintings represent for the most part hunting scenes and images of animals that have disappeared today. Over the course of the sec. VI-VIII developed in area of the steppes a statuary of elementary conception, however characterized by notes of individualization. In the southern areas, on the other hand, more in contact with Central Asian influences, another type of sculpture flourished, in terracotta and of small dimensions, to which the contributions and labor of Sogdiana contributed. The urban organization of the cities of Kazakhstan developed, according to Central Asian models, over the course of the 12th century. X-XIII. In the period of the power of the urban organization of the cities of Kazakhstan developed, according to Central Asian models, over the course of the 12th century. X-XIII. In the period of the power of the urban organization of the cities of Kazakhstan developed, according to Central Asian models, over the course of the 12th century. X-XIII. In the period of the power of the Qarakhānidi construction made use of a greater use of terracotta, often treated also with ornamental functions, to which was added, with the same decorative purposes, the use of surface coatings with sculpted terracotta tiles. The adoption of the central square plan for domed mausoleums continued with greater application even after the destruction carried out by the Mongols in the century. XIII. The taste for coatings with glazed ceramics spread (Alaša-hān, Geči, mosque-mausoleum of Ahmad Yasawi, 13th-14th century; mausoleums of Kesene and Sik-Niyāz, the latter built during the Kazakh Khānato, 15th century -XVII). The architecture of the following period was inspired by more simplified and bare forms of each decorative element.
