Sudan - education
Sudan education, the education system where there is no compulsory schooling,
was in the 1990's mainly aimed at the development of basic education and
technical and vocational youth education. More than half of the adult population
is illiterate.
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The public education system consists of a free six-year elementary school
level for 6-13 year-olds, which is followed by a three-year middle
school. approximately 44% (1996) seek these two levels, which are followed by a three-year
superstructure. Promotion from one level to the next is subject to satisfactory
exam results.
Further education takes place at the country's eight universities or abroad
with state aid. The private university Ahfad University for Women in Omdurman is
for women only.
ETYMOLOGY: The name Sudan comes from Arabic (bilād) -us-Sudān 'the land of the black
people'.
OFFICIAL NAME: Jamhuryat es-Sudan
CAPITAL CITY: Khartoum
POPULATION: 36,108,000 (Source: COUNTRYaah)
AREA: 1,861,484 km²
OFFICIAL/OFFICIAL LANGUAGES: Arabic, approximately 120 languages, most Nilo-Saharan
RELIGION: Sunni Muslims 72%, natives religions 17%, Catholics 7%, Protestants 4%
CURRENCY: dinar
CURRENCY CODE: SDD
ENGLISH NAME: Sudan
INDEPENDENCE: 1956
POPULATION COMPOSITION: Arabs 49%, Dinka 12%, Nuba 8%, Beja 6%, Nuer 5%, others 20%
GDP PER CAPITA INH.: $ 1985 (2014)
LIFE EXPECTANCY: men 55 years, women 58 years (2007)
LIVING CONDITIONS INDEX, HDI: 0473
LIVING CONDITIONS INDEX, POSITION: 166
INTERNET DOMAIN NAME: .SD
Sudan, Northeast African Republic; Africa's now third largest country after
its split on July 9, 2011. Former Sudan was divided into Sudan and South
Sudan following a referendum on January 9, 2011. Sudan lies as the transition
between Arab-dominated North Africa and "Black Africa", and the population is
both of Arab and African descent. The majority are Muslims, but to the south
Christianity and traditional religions dominate. Nileruns through Sudan and is
the country's most important resource. Since independence from Britain in 1956,
two civil wars have left the country underdeveloped and the population deeply
divided. Extreme poverty is widespread and famine is frequent. It is generally
very hot in Sudan, and the natural vegetation ranges from desert in the north to
rainforest in the south. The economy is based on agriculture; the exploitation
of the country's oil reserves and other resources is hampered by military
conflicts.
Sudan - language
Sudan language, Official language is Arabic; the spoken language is sudanese
arabic, spoken by approximately half of the population as a first language and also by
many as a second language. Most of the country's approximately 120 other languages
belong to the Nilo-Saharan language set, but also the Nigerian
Kordofan and Afro-Asian language sets are represented. Most prevalent in
addition to Arabic are the Kushite language beja, the Nilo-Saharan
language dinka, nuer, shilluk, bari, lotuko, fur and kenzi-dongolawi as
well as ubangi language zande. To the south, the Pidgins speak Yuba -Arabic.
Sudan - religion
Sudan - religion Although Sudan is totally dominated by Islam, the country
is very religious in its composition. approximately 75% of the population are Muslims
(Sunni); the Arabic-speaking Muslim population resides in North Sudan. In the
southern part of the country, traditional African religions
and Christianity dominate. Sudan's official state religion is Islam and since
1989 the country's political system has been based on Islam.
Sudan - Constitution
Sudan Constitution, The Constitution of the Republic of Sudan is from 2005.
Islam forms the basis of the judiciary in the northern part.
In 2005, the National Assembly adopted a temporary constitution as part of a
comprehensive peace agreement between the Sudanese government and the Sudanese
People's Liberation Army (SPLA). The new constitution is the basis for a
national unifying government, in which Northern Sudan must have 70% of the posts
and South Sudan 30%. It is further stipulated that until the fourth year of the
interim period, the National Assembly must be composed of 450 members appointed
by the President in collaboration with the First Vice President. Members must be
divided between North and South with respectively. 70% and 30%. In the fourth
year of the general elections, general elections must be held for the National
Assembly. It is also provided for in the provisional constitution.
Sudan - economy
Sudan economy, Sudan is one of the world's poorest countries and
characterized by civil war, large numbers of internally displaced persons, lack
of infrastructure and poorly trained workforce. Up to the peace agreement in
2005, the economy was characterized by large annual deficits on public budgets
as a result of insufficient tax revenues as well as civil war expenses; public
debt exceeded annual GDP in 2005 A major problem in this regard was the lack of
a developed capital market, which is why the deficit was financed through money
issuance. It has been a contributing factor to a very high inflation rate and
ongoing devaluation of the currency, pounds. Sustainable trade and current
account deficits since the 1970's have resulted in large external debt, which has
largely been systematically defaulted. In 1997, threatenedThe International
Monetary Fund (IMF) therefore excludes Sudan from the organization. The
government then launched a reform program aimed at liberalizing and privatizing
the economy; At the same time, a more stability-oriented economic policy is
pursued, which includes should bring down inflation. In 1999 it was so
successful that the pound was replaced by a new currency unit, dinar, in a 10: 1
ratio. The reform policy led the IMF to resume lending.
Sudan has traditionally received significant financial assistance from Arab
countries and international donors, but its support for Iraq during
the 1991 Gulf War largely ceased this assistance. In 1998, the United States
also launched an economic boycott, citing that it supports terrorism. Since
1999, Sudan has been exporting oil and in most years since then has had a trade
balance surplus. Rising oil prices have generated economic growth rates of more
than 5% in 2004-05, and with the end of the peace abroad has shown increased
interest in investing in the country. Agriculture, which employs approximately 80% of
the population is still underdeveloped, hampered by uncertain rainfall and poor
trading conditions on the world market.
Sudan's most important trading partner in 2005 was China, which reduced 71%
of exports. Denmark's exports to Sudan totaled DKK 157 million. DKK in
2005; imports therefrom were DKK 1 million. Danish aid to Sudan totaled DKK 75
million. in 2004.
Sudan - Health conditions
Sudan - health conditions, the median age is 52-55 years for men and 54-57
years for women. Infant mortality is estimated at approximately 80 ‰, and the
mortality rate below five years to 116 ‰. This is less than the average for
sub-Saharan African countries, but the figures are uncertain.
The health conditions in Sudan are characterized by civil war, political and
economic instability, floods and drought. Especially in the southern part of the
country there is famine. Up to 50% of children in Sudan are malnourished and
only about half are vaccinated against polio and measles. Information on
disease pattern and causes of death is very limited; Infectious diseases,
including pneumonia, tuberculosis, malaria and other tropical diseases, are
widespread.
It's about. 10 doctors per 100,000 residents, but this average covers large
regional differences.
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